Knowledge centre
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers. Many people do well when a change is checked early and treatment is planned for the specific type and stage.
Risk factors
- Older age
- A strong family history, or an inherited gene change such as BRCA, in some families
- Previous radiotherapy to the chest
- Alcohol, and excess body weight after menopause
- Some forms of hormone therapy after menopause
Prevention
- Keep a healthy weight and stay physically active
- Limit alcohol
- Breastfeeding, when it is possible, is associated with a lower risk
- Know your family history and ask whether extra checks apply to you
Early signs
- A new lump in the breast or armpit
- A change in size, shape, or skin, including dimpling or redness
- Nipple discharge that is new, especially if it is bloody
- A nipple that newly turns inward
- Persistent pain that is not your usual pattern
Screening
There is no single mammogram age that fits every person in India. Ask a clinician which check is right for your age and risk.
Learn how your breasts normally look and feel. Most lumps are not cancer, but a new lump should be examined. Ultrasound or mammography may be used if there are symptoms.
Treatment overview
Treatment depends on the type, receptors, and stage. It may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, or targeted therapy. The plan is individual.
Survivorship
Follow-up looks for recurrence and for effects of treatment, including arm swelling after some surgery, bone health, and heart health with certain medicines. Emotional support and return to work are part of care, not extras.